Here’s an interesting article written in 1937 that overviews current varieties of the day and suggested improvements by breeding to make better adapted varieties. Interesting is the various tables showing crosses among of what we consider today as heirlooms. Focuses on individual state efforts to improve apples as well.
https://www.chathamapples.com/ApplesNY/USDA1937_apples.htm
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A for instance is Idaho made a cross of Wagener x Grimes Golden. Fruited 144 seedlings and retained none.
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