According to Google, nectarines and peaches are the same thing except for the fuzz gene. They said that it is possible for a peach tree to produce a nectarine and vice versa. Have you ever got a nectarine from your peach tree or a peach from your nectarine tree?
Google:
Nectarines are essentially fuzz-free peaches. They are the exact same species of fruit (Prunus persica) and are so closely related that the difference comes down to just one recessive gene. A single genetic mutation controls whether the skin is fuzzy or smooth. [1, 2, 3, 4]
While you can use them interchangeably in most recipes, they have a few distinct characteristics:
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Skin & Texture: Peaches have fuzzy skin. Nectarines are smooth, glossy, slightly firmer, and can be stored a bit longer. [1, 2, 3]
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Flavor Profile: Peaches are usually known for their mellow, floral sweetness. Nectarines often have a slightly higher sugar content and acidity, giving them a tangier, more intense flavor. [1, 2]
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In the Kitchen: Nectarines hold their shape slightly better when baked or grilled, while peaches are a classic choice for cobblers because of their softer texture. [1, 2]
Because they are so closely related, peach trees can occasionally sprout nectarines (and vice-versa)! [1, 2]