Here’s a scientific article about what and where the apples came from that ended up in the SW USA.
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The “genetic fingerprint” methods used in this study are faulty in both laboratory hardware and mathematical analysis. The same is true of thousands of articles published in the last half century.
Details to validate your point?
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I think they missed a few apple cultivars. Rabin Bald, San Jacinto, Tarbutton, Mrs.Bryan, King Solomon were also Georgia apples heavily marketed in the south west. I can not believe other Southern staples like Limbertwigs, Hall, Hoover, Jefferies and Hollow Log did not make it. They are all well adapted to Southern heat. And back in the day many nurseries were heavily involved in newspaper ad mail order , distributors and travelling fruit tree mongers. Seems weird those are all over Texas and up north to Kansas and Colorado; but not that region.
I have four publications on the subject to date.
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I’ve always wondered about that. Just the repeated process of grafting different rootstock to scions is bound to change the genetic makeup in trees.
@dannytoro1
The first problem is that “genetic markers” do not involve genome sequencing. Instead it is a laboratory procedure based on a specific type of analog PCR assay. The second problem is that the positive PCR response to marker “primers” is unrelated to whether the primers are actually in the cell DNA. The third problem is that the majority of analytic methods used by the biology community for genomic relations contain numerous mathematical fallacies.
Yeah; genetics and DNA are above my paygrade. But it seems logical there would be a fair amount of material swapping around. And driven by many factor of nutrition and environmental factors.
Those factors influence external characteristics, not underlying genetics.
Genetics. Are not hard code. Mutations happen. Code changes sometimes.
If you’re speaking of phenotype drift or overt sports, that’s very true.
That’s only true to a certain depth. There are hierarchies of codes and factories within cell DNA. Full sequencing plus biochemistry can examine all levels. Genetic “markers” do not.
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I would think genetic markers are a map of where a tree had been and currently is. And apply to groups right? Plants have common and shared markers often in groupings.
@dannytoro1
The errors in microsatellite assay are unrelated to coding or factory regions in DNA. Microsatellites do not occur in these regions.
This is a misconception.