Generally, the more vigorous the rootstock, the slower the tree is to blossom and fruit. This is because with a vigorous rootstock, the tree stays in a juvenile state longer, and diverts more energy into vegetative growth instead of reproduction (flower and fruit production).
If your apple is on a vigorous rootstock like M111, it probably has a few more years to grow before it is going to go into serious production.
Assuming you pruned it during the winter, you may have cut off your fruit buds, which on apple trees, are generally formed in late summer or fall of the preceding year. Juvenile trees don’t make many fruit buds, and they tend to appear at the end of branches. If you want early fruiting, I think it is important to bend branches – branches that are more horizontally-oriented tend to produce flower buds faster. (It also makes the tree look better, in my opinion.)
You might consider reading this guide (produced by @Alan) in the following thread: Pruning Guides
I have been adhering to these instructions for pruning my pear trees (which behave largely similarly to apples) and it is starting to bear fruit (literally). I’m getting flowers and fruit on European pears (on vigorous standard rootstock) years earlier than I would have otherwise anticipated.