Very late reply but rust can infect new growth but it won’t especially harm the rest of the tree, the infected part will eventually die but the infection can’t spread much. Most of the serviceberry trees in my area have a number of branches with dead deformed tips from rust infections and seem none the worse for it.
Yes. I believe the rust that infects the nodes like that is cedar quince rust. My treatment was always to just prune those off if you see it. I get it from time to time
no cedar rust here but the berries will get a fungus on them some years if its wet and warm when theyre ripening. i hit them with immunox 1x after petal drop and no issues.