Spraying and other advice for new fruit orchard in VA

Well, first let me say welcome to the forum :slight_smile: . Second, let me reassure you while growing fruit trees is confusing at first it does get easier as you learn more, do research and gain some hands on experience.

I will try to give you some general advice as far as spraying. Generally, spraying is done as a preventative measure before your trees are attacked by disease or insects. Usually you follow a spray schedule. We have example spray schedules for both organic and synthetic spraying on the forum.

For insects you either bag the fruit, spray Surround or spray an insecticide. For diseases you can either pick trees that are resistant to the disease in question or spray an agent that works against that disease or if the disease pressure is intense do both. Generally, that agent is a fungicide or for certain diseases something else. Organic growers tend to spray sulfur or copper while non-organic growers use synthetic fungicides. For non-bearing trees like yours you may skip spraying if the disease pressure is light or spray them if it is heavier.

Myself I spray apples three times a year and stone fruits five times a year or less. Stone fruits include peaches, plums, apricots, and cherries. I just have sweet and tart cherries. I get pretty good results most years and I believe many people on the forum do as well with a similar spray frequency.

Golden Delicious has many good qualities but it’s susceptible to all four of the major apple diseases one of which is cedar apple rust. Unfortunately, there isn’t a good organic spray for cedar apple rust. Probably the best choice to control cedar apple rust is Immunox which is a synthetic fungicide. I should point out that the toxicity of Immunox is very low and it also is not toxic to bees. If the cedar apple rust in your area is a minor problem you probably can ignore it. But I suspect in Virginia a susceptible tree like Golden Delicious will need to be sprayed to control the disease.

As a general rule the more organic you want be or the less spraying you want to do the more you need to select trees with resistance to the diseases in your local area. For apples I think this is pretty straight forward once you have identified the local diseases. Here is a disease resistance chart for apples.

https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/BP-132-W.pdf

The chart above doesn’t cover Summer rots which may or may not be a problem for you. The link below has lists of apples that resist Summer rots.

I think apples should be doable at your location. Likely you can be organic if you plant apple trees with disease resistance or if the trees are not resistant you keep them with a modest synthetic spray schedule.

Now stone fruits are a different matter. Brown rot is a real problem in a climate with humid Summers like Virginia. You may have a honeymoon period that lasts for a number of years but at some point it will show up and start destroying your crops. The only way to control it is to use a good synthetic fungicide. The Montmorency has some resistance to brown rot you may get away with not spraying it. Here is some information on brown rot.

Initially, I would encourage you to do a fair amount of research and ask questions on the forum. Learn the signs of some the common apple diseases (and those of stone fruit) as well as insect damage and look at your trees and identify what issues you have. Then think about adding trees once you know a bit about the local disease and pest problems. With that knowledge you will able to pick better trees for your conditions and it will be easier to get good crops.

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