Apple Trees Low in Boron - How to Correct

Just received soil test and found my three (3) columnar apple trees to be at a level of .01 of Boron. I would like to add Borax to raise the levels. Since i only have three trees and not a whole orchard, i would like to treat each tree separately.

I would think it would be best to dissolve in water and apply. How much Borax should i apply per tree, a teaspoon?
The trees are probably about 5 years old but were transplanted two years ago from pots into the ground.
Lastly i live in Portland, OR. It’s raining, a lot. I dont want the borax to wash away or get watered down or is that not a concern.

One more question, how soon does it work? Does it take several seasons or should it start doing it’s magic this season?

Here is a screen shot of my soil test. Ignore the target area, that is set for Vegetable Garden by the testing company as well as the optimal range ppm’s

thanks

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Hi Carmela,
Welcome to the site,
I usually apply a foliar spray several times once the trees leaf out using 2 TBS of 20 muleteam borax per gallon of water. Best done on a sunny day when rain is not in forecast for several days. I also add it as a surfactant once the fruit is about the size of a quarter when I begin applying Surround to the fruit. I have not had concerns about overdosing as my trees continue to do well. I do not know the answer to your last question as to time to be effective,my guess is that within several days the foliage will absorb it.
Dennis
Kent, wa

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Hello Zoshia/Carmela,
As you can tell from my name, I am also in Portland. As are many of our gardening compatriots here, I also was very low in Boron. I added Borax. When I did, there were trees that bloomed for the first time the next year.

There is a calculation that you can make. It’s not difficult math, it’s just a lot of steps. I added it to my entire yard, but you don’t have to. It was in Steve Solomon’s book, The Intelligent Gardener. You calculate how low you are in boron, how much boron is in the borax, how much land you are dropping it on, and how densely. You probably want to use a calculator, but you don’t have to. I don’t think I did. I think it’s a good thing to do, particularly in our soils.

John S
PDX OR

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Thank you, i will check out the book

Thank you, I will looking into spraying too - along with spraying some copper as i’m low in that as well.

University of New Hampshire recommends;
Apply boron every 3 years. Old fashioned borax is 11.1% boron. Check the percentage of boron in the product you buy, and see the table below to determine how much to apply. Weigh the material to be sure you do not overapply, as excessive boron can be toxic to trees.

For young trees that have just started bearing, apply 4 oz of borax (11.1% B). For medium-sized trees, apply 8 oz of borax; and for large trees, apply up to 12 oz. of borax.

Boron can also be applied as a spray to the leaves and flower buds when the flowers are at tight cluster, before individual blossoms open. Soluble boron formulations are available; apply a 20% soluble boron formulation at a rate of 1 lb per 100 gallons of water; or a rate of 0.4 oz per 2 ½ gallons of water.

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20 mule team

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My soil analysis showed low levels of boron and copper. I first tried to dissolve in my 24 gallon sprayer. That was a disaster. I then took 50# of gypsum ( sulfur also needed) spread on a tarp and sprinkled the borax and copper sulfate into it. I then was able to use a broadcast spreader. I’ll test again in a couple years. The soil is heavy so I expect it to take time to distribute to any degree.

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Just a side note… and dont get upset with me if you are hiding this “secret”.

Brussels sprouts need boron to make sprouts. Boron becomes unavailable in soils above pH 7.0.

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I have had my soil test done by Logan Labs in 2017, 2022 and Feb 2024. All show boron is low (0.58 ppm), so I have added borax (note borax, not boron) each time at the recommended 1/3 rate. I have seen very little change in my soil boron level, even though borax has been add three times.
I will test the soil again in fall/winter of 2025 and see how that turns out. I usually buy the Twenty Mule Train borax from Walmart; it is in a 4 pound box and cheap.

Those rates for soil seem very high. Wonder just how many square feet per tree is assumed. I would think something like 20 square feet for a young tree. Usually about 1-2 ppm of B is considered sufficient.for trees.

Maybe they meant grams. I haven’t looked at the recommendations lately, but that seems like the wrong order of magnitude too much.

I thought the levels looked high. I did not put on near that much boron/ tree. I used 4 pounds of borax for 30+ trees (10,000 sq ft), and that is just over 2 oz of borax per tree. My trees are about 20 feet apart.

Those borax levels look high to me too. I made a note about recommended borax application levels for the Pacific Northwest, where high precipitation leaches boron out of the soils. It said to apply 1/4 cup per tree in the spring, every 3 years.

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Yeah, that 2oz volume is just like 1 oz weight, I think borax may be about 1/2 the density of water. (now we may need the metric discussion here too :slight_smile: )

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Actually borax has a density of 1.73 (I looked it up); so, the 1/4 cup (2 fl oz) will weigh about 3.6 oz. (A US fl oz of water weighs a bit more than an oz of weight.)

Thanks for the correction, I must have done a sloppy search.

I have stopped participating in this forum partially because of what I consider the irrational negativity towards AI. I admit to being a bit of a cranky person.

As a parting note, I want anyone reading this to determine if this isn’t a better answer than what is given here. More specific info could also be derived by further questioning.

How much better would this forum be if people were open minded to new methods and you could post something like this and have it fairly critiqued on its merits and not the idea of it?

How much boron should be added per thousand sq ft in a deficient soil in an apple orchard

ChatGPT said:

For apple orchards, the recommended boron application rate for deficient soils is typically 1–2 ounces of actual boron per 1,000 square feet. This translates to 2.7–5.4 pounds per acre. The exact amount depends on soil tests, tree age, and local conditions.

Application Methods:

  1. Soil Application:
  • Use Solubor (20% boron) or borax (11% boron).
  • Solubor: Apply 5–10 ounces per 1,000 sq ft (≈ 1/3 to 2/3 pound).
  • Borax: Apply 9–18 ounces per 1,000 sq ft (≈ 0.5 to 1.1 pounds).
  • Broadcast evenly and water in well.
  1. Foliar Sprays (for immediate uptake but lower total impact):
  • Apply 0.1–0.25 pounds of boron per 100 gallons of spray.
  • Typically done pre-bloom and post-harvest.

Be cautious—boron toxicity occurs above 1 ppm in soil or 100 ppm in leaves, leading to leaf burn and fruit disorders. Always base applications on soil and leaf analysis.

4o

You said:

would less or more be used for younger trees

ChatGPT said:

For younger apple trees, you should generally use less boron than for mature trees, as their root systems are smaller and they require lower nutrient levels overall. A safe rate would be around ½ to ¾ of the full rate, depending on deficiency levels.

Recommended Boron Rates for Young Trees:

  • Soil Application:
    • 1–5 years old: Apply ½ to 1 ounce of actual boron per 1,000 sq ft (1.3–2.7 lbs/acre).
    • Use 2.5–5 ounces of Solubor or 4.5–9 ounces of borax per 1,000 sq ft.
    • Split applications may be safer (e.g., half in spring, half post-harvest).
  • Foliar Application (Safer for young trees):
    • Pre-bloom or post-harvest: Use 0.05–0.1 lbs of boron per 100 gallons.
    • Helps prevent toxicity from excessive soil buildup.

Since boron moves slowly in the soil but is highly mobile in plants, it’s important to avoid over-application and monitor leaf tissue levels (ideal: 20–60 ppm in apple leaves mid-season).

4o

You said:

Would you lose less or more in heavier soils

ChatGPT said:

In heavier soils (such as clay or clay loams), you generally lose less boron compared to sandy soils because:

  1. Greater Adsorption – Boron binds more strongly to clay particles and organic matter, reducing leaching.
  2. Slower Movement – Water percolates more slowly in heavier soils, so boron remains available longer.

However, this also means boron may not move as easily into the root zone, especially in dry conditions. You may need slightly higher rates or split applications to ensure uptake, particularly for young trees with shallower roots.

By contrast, in lighter (sandy) soils, boron leaches more quickly due to low adsorption, requiring lower doses but more frequent applications to avoid deficiency.

Incidentally, (in my opinion) a soil test should include a recommendation to specific application rates required, otherwise you should find another service.

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@alan, I’m sorry to hear you have stopped participating in this forum. I’ve always enjoyed reading your posts and have learned a great deal from your experience and insights. Thank you for your contributions.

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The AI answer is organized and directly answers the questions. There’s the additional step needed of confirming it is true. For one with experience, that may be easy to determine if it comports with what you know and is reasonable and internally consistent. I would references to make the checking much easier.

At least the proportions and answers seem plausible.

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