Annonacin concentration in pawpaw (Asimina triloba) can be accurately determined by spectrometry. The health risk can then be determined by comparing the average quantity per fruit to the lifetime limit prescribed in the treatment of cancer cells injected with annonacin [Frost, 2022].
To date there is no publication that details annonacin concentration in more than two A. triloba cultivars. This might be an interesting project to carry out with the cultivars being amassed at @AFFN .