Peach root stock for wet heavy soils

I have a low spot that remains wet most of the year. I plan on to bury drain tile and run discharge to the pond. Even after I tile it, it will probably be wetter than the rest of orchard. I’m looking for a zone 7a (0-5F) peach root stock that will tolerate wet, heavy soil.

I narrowed my search to

  1. Lovell - slightly more resistant to wet conditions than others.

  2. Krymsk 86 - is tolerant of wet and heavy soils.

  3. Bailey - Suitable for wet conditions.

I would like your feed back/experience please.

Thanks

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My parents have a Redhaven at their house on Lovell in soil that was amended 50/50 about 2ft radius and 2ft deep and around that is brown clay and 2ft down is orange clay on limestone. It has been growing great for a decade, and is about 16-18ft tall. The fruit, however, has been a challenge due to the moisture being great for brown rot but when they kept on top of spraying it, the yield was worth it.

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In my experience, any peach seedling rootstock will struggle with wet feet. Of the choices mentioned K86 is probably best, imo.

The best choice, if possible is to make a mound to get the roots above the current grade. These can be made by renting equipment (like a small stand up track loader). I large mound will go a long ways to provide good root drainage. It’s also generally cheaper to build good water drainage by raising the soil profile, vs. draining water away. I’ve done both.

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I dont have experience with K86, but Rootpac-R is also supposed to be a very good rootstock for this. @Jose-Albacete has posted about it before: (bottom end of this post)

A few more links:

I got elberta peaches on Rootpac-R from Sierra Gold Nursery, in Yuba City, CA last spring and they have grown well. I warn it helps being nearby in CA to get it from there, @Shibumi can on comment this.

I plan on mound layering one tree to propagate Rootpac-R in the future but I won’t have any to give for a while.

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If all else fails, consider wild plum.

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Thanks and here is the working link to Burchell Nursery and their rootnstocks.

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Commercially, I have found K86 to be more tolerant of wet feet.

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Depending on soil type and past use of the wet area, a good deep sub soiling may help a lot. I had a compacted plow layer when I converted a row crop field to an orchard. Of course care must be taken to sub soil at the right time to shatter the compacted layer and not make things worse when trying to do it when the soil moisture is too high. Which usually means doing it in a dry fall.

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I specifically bought peaches and nectarines on Guardian for my wet area. So far they are doing great. I have two on seedling rootstock that arent doing so great and two on Citation that arent doing as well.

However i will say that i havent planted anything in this area that im really fond of as its probably not going to be a long term affair.

Mounding is also being used more by me as i have several areas that arent the best at drainage and have heavy soil.

St.Julien is what raintree uses for most of their peach and plums. I have one peach on this rootstock which is doing good in PNW wet climate and hard soil profile.

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Does it produce smaller fruit like Citation, K1 and American Plum do?

It’s been in the ground for only two full seasons, it produced 3-4 fruits this summer and they were not very large (size of a medium Meyer lemon)and the scion (Salish Summer) is not known to produce large fruits either.

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Its a large area with decades of a cattle crowd alley leading up to a barn. I think I can tile it and discharge to the pond, it runs that way anyways. But your right it would best to backfill and grade with a dozer. I’m still debating on having the pond dug deeper for trout, right now its only deep enough for bass and catfish. If so, I could use the pond dig to backfill the cattle alley. IDK… need to think about it and get some estimates.

Thanks for replying.

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I have a subsoiler for the tractor already. The soil doesnt appear that its compacted but it might be down lower, if it is i can rip it with the subsoiler.

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I called Burchell Nursery they have a minimum order is 100 grafted trees. Gary was nice enough to talk to me a little. I explained my soil condition and he said there are only two root stocks he is aware of that may work for peaches.

Copy and paste from the Burchell Nursery rootstock PDF

Krymsk 86
This Peach plum hybrid is a very promising hybrid rootstock especially for almond growers. The soil adaptation is quite broad, including soils consider too wet for Lovell. It has repeatedly shown superior anchorage relative to all other rootstocks. It is tolerant to both wet and heavy soil. Krymsk 86 should not be used in soils prone to Rootknot nematode infestation, nor where high ring nematode populations have been detected.

Rootpac R cv. AP 1 (PP#16,272)
This productive rootstock is suitable for a wide range of soils but commonly used in heavy clay/water logged soils. It has very good anchorage and resistant to Root Knot Nematodes. The rootstock is resistant to Phytophthora root rot also tolerant of higher pH soils.

They are sold out of both. I only need 16 root stocks. I would like to try Rootpac R but it seems challenging to source here in the US.

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One thing I’d mention is that here in KS and MO (I’m pretty familiar with both states because I’ve lived here most of my life) there is little worry about root knot nematodes in almost all parts of the area.

Parasitic nematodes like sandy soil. I’ve just never heard of any problem in row crop soil here.

I’ve driven through southern IL bunches of times. The soil strikes me the same as good MO loam.

If that’s the case where you’re at, ignore all the stuff you read about parasitic nematodes. That stuff affects lots of stone fruit rootstocks down south in sandy soils.

One positive is that heavy water logged soils which want to kill peach roots here, also kill parasitic nematodes on first order. Parasitic nematodes drown easy in heavy clay with heavy rains. And they don’t like cold weather either. I’ve never seen any evidence of them here

Thanks i’ve never seen them here. As far as worms go, just earth worm and night crawlers.

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Have you been successful at creating adequate drainage at an excessively wet site? If so, how did you do it? The only thing I’ve seen work adequately has been individual French drains and I’m not sure why the failure otherwise. Perhaps because the drainage pipes were not set up in a grid and only ran one way.

On wet sites I always use mounds, but it does require a means of preventing erosion- either annual mulching or some kind of rigid border. Or a large enough area to permanently sustain long raised rows with mowed turf.

I often mention the risk of annual mulching eventually leading to reduced brix in fruit, but on raised mounds it doesn’t seem to be as much a problem, probably because I build them only where poor drainage is an issue which reduces the ability of roots to grow, Never thought of that until now. It is like natural root pruning and root pruning often increases brix.

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Positively. Most of my site is extremely wet. Part of the problem is that when I originally built terraces to plant peach trees, I wanted long rows which were almost 500’ long.

Here’s the story.

The ground cooperated most of the way, except for maybe the last 40 feet of the terraces. In other words the ground had a natural slope which made for nice drainage running parallel to the terraces. All except the last 40 feet in which the ground had a slight reverse slope. I could have graded that reverse slope out, but it would have taken a lot of machine time to do it (all I had at the time was a motor grader to push dirt and what I needed was a dozer).

So I left a small reverse slope in the drive lanes (row middles). It was only about an inch of reverse and I thought it won’t be bad to drive through an inch of water. Big deal, right.

Well it turns out it was a big deal. Here’s why. I have to pull a sprayer (which weighs 5000 lbs. when full of water) through the drive lanes. This has to be done once a week in the early part of the growing season, when we get the most rain. The first time driving through an inch of water was fine. But…each time one drives through the water, it cuts ruts deeper and deeper. The ruts never dry out, so water just sits in there, making it worse the next time. Finally ruts are so deep, I literally have to “drag” the sprayer on its belly (sort of like pulling a sled).

It takes all 4 wheels locked in on my tractor to get through the mud run. You can picture in your mind how much mud is being churned up with all 4 tractor tires spinning, while dragging a sled.

Well, it turns out that when you continually plow soil that way, somehow the soil goes away (it’s not erosion because it’s sort of like a pond). So what started out as an inch low spot, becomes a 6" bog.

I’ve had to “fill in” the bellies in the drive lanes many times. I have arborist pruning crews dump loads of wood chips in the low spots in the row middles and I blade the wood chips down. It works for a while until I have to spray a lot in wet weather, which again churns up the soil, and makes it go away.

The point is that some of the row middles have standing water most of the spring. The peach trees are fine though. The key is that the terraces I built are large, so there is enough soil above grade for all the roots.

At one time, I was worried about erosion of the terraces (which is why I built the terraces plenty big. But that was dumb because each time I drive through the lanes it tears up a little soil which goes away. So over the years the lanes have gotten deeper relative to the terraces where the trees are planted. Now the terraces are getting too tall in some places.

The other issue is that there are seeps all over the area. When I first bought the place when it was pasture, a 4X4 pickup got stuck (this was even on a hillside). I had to be careful where I drove.

Here is a pic I posted here ten years ago in 2015 of my sprayer stuck.

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I’ve been battling this ever since.

Last year (2024) I put in a bunch of field tile to try to drain some subsurface water away. It was a lot of dirt work. Here’s the bill for just the dirt work.

The amount was originally $1000 more (i.e. $10,500) but I traded out some custom work I did for him, which he took off $1000 for. That was just for dirt work. I also had $5000 in gravel plus another $1000 in field tile and hard pipe, which I provided, along with other incidentals (tile tape, fittings etc.). So the project was in excess of $16K. I’m still not quite done with it, but I can finish it with my smaller equipment. All this work was done not to provide drainage for the trees, but to provide drainage for where I have to drive a tractor (row middles).

Similarly about 20 years ago I put some field tile in my back yard to better grow fruit trees there. That cost me about $3000 for that back then. It’s expensive to build good water drainage.

I can build terraces and mounds much cheaper, even when I’ve had to rent equipment to do it.

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Krymsk 1 seems good for plums, has been tested with redhaven peach.

Techsheet

Rootstock Source

Still searching for krymsk 86

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