Shrubby Pawpaws: Asimina parviflora and Asimina × piedmontana

Starting this thread as it looks like there isn’t one for these particular pawpaws.

The common pawpaw, Asimina triloba, has a number of topics dedicated to it. It is the largest and most common pawpaw, having by far the greatest range as well, growing in most of the warm eastern US except in parts of the deep and coastal South.

The Asimina genus however is most diverse in southern Georgia and in Florida.

In between these populations, geographically and likely genetically, is Asimina parviflora, a small, bushy shrub that grows in drier upland sites than the common pawpaw and generally replaces it in the deep South, in particular in the coastal plains region.

Asimina parviflora only grows up to about 8 ft tall, even less in poor soils, and is reported to be hardy in zones 7-10, making it both much less cold tolerant and much more heat tolerant than common pawpaw.

In areas where the two populations overlap they sometimes cross to give the natural hybrid Asimina × piedmontana so named for the piedmont region in which it tends to be found. For those not from the area, the Carolinas and Georgia are traditionally divided into three geographic regions: the mountains, which are the Appalachian mountains and their foothills, the piedmont, a region of rolling hills and deep red clay where most of the area’s major cities are located, and the coastal plains, the significantly flatter, often either swampy or excessively well-drained, sandy to loamy belt of lower elevation land formerly submerged under the sea.

I’d be curious to know if anyone here is growing either Asimina parviflora or Asimina × piedmontana and what you think of them.

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I’ll still have to go back and ID it more carefully, but I suspect the pawpaw I experienced in childhood was itself Asimina parviflora. It was growing in the coastal plains in a forested ridgeline in very dry sandy soil, and in decades of time has never topped more than about five feet tall. As an indication of the soil conditions, a few feet away from the pawpaw bush there is a thriving opuntia cactus of some kind (it’s a large, tall growing species) growing at the forest margin, and the open land next to the forest has both Mimosa pudica and what looked like Opuntia humifusa cactus.

The fruit themselves were quite small as best I recall, but tasted good.

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Ihave no functional data to add at this stage, but I have tried several times over the last 3 - 4 years to get A. parviflora to truly start. I have mostly tried from seed, which has never germinated for me. I am currently trying to sprout an A. parviflora and an A. obovata inddors in a very casual setup, and do not have a lot of hope.
I do have what I believe is a parviflora that I received as a tiny little plant, but the original stem died and what has taken off came up next to it before it did so. I am not sure if it is a sprout or a different seed that finally broke through.
I have yet to find offering of either of these or piedmontana big enough that my current level of effort can sustain, but would like to try all three.
NW NC zone 6B/7A with assorted microclimates ranging upwards on my little plot. Wind tends to be an unwelcome equalizer.

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That’s tough. At least according to NC State, they’re only hardy to 7a.

https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/asimina-parviflora/

There is a Florida Nursery which does sell 2 to 3 Bush PawPaws. I will have to dredge it up.

Yes. They have Netted, Pygmy and Bigflower Bush Pawpaws for sale.

Pretty sure another place has Flag pawpaw.

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I have A. parviflora growing wild in the wooded understory of a floodplain near my home in the NC piedmont, Z8a.

They’re pretty small, but even trees less than 3’ tall in shade seem to make some fruit, which is small, seedy, and not very tasty. I saved the seeds last year and they’re currently stratifying in the fridge.

I grafted some A. triloba on a couple and they took well.

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I tried parviflora and obovata last year from seed and failed with both. I think they need cold stratification, but not sure for how long.

I have 2 parvifloras in ground that I bought from a local nursery here that sells them as butterfly plants. Got them last spring, they put on decent growth. They are both in shade in a little oak dome that is slightly higher than the rest of the front yard. They get next to no water other than rain since they’ve established, and are currently both dormant. I also have a longifolia/angustifolia.

This is where I got them from, however they don’t ship.
There is also:

But they seem to only have obovata and reticulata atm. I have talked to a couple of local nurseries around here, and sometimes they have them and sometimes they don’t.

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I put the pictures in the flowers thread, but my a. parviflora flowered this year. Has me feeling that they are rooted water suckers or something, because I highly doubt the can flower in year 2 (pontentially 3 but probably not older than that). Only one flowered and it had 2 of them. Very small (hence the common name smallflower pawpaw).
I did manage to get two a. obovata at the USF plant sale today. That brings my collection to 2 parvifloras, 2 obovata and one longifolia, although I did pull my triloba out.

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I just accidentally found this old post, via a Google search of all things. I use the iNaturalist website every day, primarily in an “identifier” role to upgrade existing observations to “Research Grade.” I am the top identifier worldwide of the Asimina species and their numerous hybrids (also Diospyros and other plants, but that is probably appropriate for another growingfruit thread). I have looked at roughly 37,000 observations of Asimina over the past few years, primarily wild plants, but also many “casual” observations of cultivated specimens. I also grow many Asimina plants myself: A. triloba (hundreds of seedlings, primarily for rootstock, and dozens of grafted named varieties of about 20 cultivars), and numerous seedlings of A. parviflora, A. incana (aka Wooly Pawpaw), A. longifolia (aka long-leaf pawpaw), and A. x nashii (the natural hybrid of A. longifolia and A. incana). Technically the fruit of all the Asimina species is edible once ripe, although pretty small, seedy, and often not great tasting. In contrast to the fairly boring flowers of the northern species (A. triloba, A. parviflora, and their hybrid A. x piedmontana), the flowers of the Florida native species and hybrids are quite beautiful. Neal Peterson told me (via email) that theoretically hybrids between all the species are not only possible, but also likely to yield viable seeds, leading to wide variation in morphological features and potentially fruit quality. I suspect they are also all graft-compatible with each other, but haven’t attempted any inter-specific grafting yet.

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Very cool, I would think that hybrid pawpaws could provide a more drought tolerant rootstock for triloba, but I am sure there is a lot of variation in the hybrid population. Why did you get rid of your trilobas?

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Yes, Neals latest release, last September, is an interspecific hybrid.
He’s been crossing them for years.

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I picked up 3 A. pygmaea, 2 A. obovata and 3 A. triloba last fall at a plant sale. All but 1 obovata (tree branch crushed it) survived this winter and leafed out this spring. My young A. parviflora flowered again this year, no signs of flower on the other one. Except the triloba, the new ones started as 1 inch seedlings that I planted straight into the ground. For extremely small plants, they have thrived and pushed noticably growth. Especially excited for pygmaea, which I have heard from a few locals is the next best tasting Asimina.
With my fall acquisitions, my Asimina collection comes out to 5 species (triloba, parviflora, obovata, pygmaea and angustifolia). My next goal is to get Wooly and Netted pawpaws, and thats pretty much all the readily available species. I would love to get a hold of the interspecific hybrids and hopefully one day breed a couple of my own. Especially want to do some breeding with my parviflora thats flowered two seasons in a row at age 3-5.

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You are well-positioned to build a good collection of Asimina for hybridization experiments. I (located in Texas) am jealous. A. reticulata and A. incana are very common and wide-ranging in Florida. You shouldn’t have trouble acquiring specimens of those two species. As you may already know, there are 7 interspecific Asimina hybrids that have been formally described (all occur in Florida), some of which produce quite beautiful multicolored flowers. These hybrids are surprisingly common in the wild, but most easily identified when in bloom. A. tetramera and A. manasota are of course protected species, so off limits to collection. You should also be aware that Deeringothamnus rugelii has recently been reclassified as Asimina rugelii based on genetic analysis. It also forms a (sadly sterile) hybrid with A. pygmaea that has not been given an official name yet. If you are not familiar with the iNaturalist platform (both website and smartphone app), you should take a look at using it. It will help you readily locate and identify will Asimina plants.

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Yes, I knew Neal had recently released an Asimina hybrid. I have not tried to obtain one yet. Far too many irons in the fire already!

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While collecting wild species is off limits, Bok Tower Gardens in Lake Wales actually has a flowering collection of them. Hopefully one day they’ll offer seeds. They also have our native jujube growing and fruiting. Both of these have hyperspecific environments they live in naturally, remnants of a time when Florida was mostly underwater except the ridge.

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I have not visited Bok Tower Gardens, but will definitely put it on my bucket list for a future visit. I know both A. manasota and A. tetramera are classified as endangered species, the former with only a couple dozen surviving wild plants, and the latter with fewer than 1,000 specimens (and heavily at risk due to urban development north of Miami). A Florida naturalist/conservationist I work with recently located a previously unknown specimen of A. manasota in a farmer’s pasture, completely unprotected. Very encouraging event!

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Durio at Louisiana Nursery had a hybrid between triloba and reticulata that fruited regularly, good taste. This was on a phone call about 1995. I think his nursery is defunct.

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A.parviflora and A.triloba were both present on the farm I grew up on in Lee Co., AL - east-central AL, not 30 miles from the GA state line, right at the intersection of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain.
Truthfully, I didn’t know what a pawpaw was until I was in my early 30s, when someone pointed one out to me… and I realized I’d been seeing A.triloba all my life - growing along all the little creeks we played in from the time I was old enough to be allowed to roam (probably 8 or 9)… I just never saw any fruits… and even when I was an adult, visiting the farm back home, it was rare to find a triloba bearing any fruits.

As @a_vivaldi described, A.parviflora was much more prevalent on dry upland sites, and, on our farm, was usually found out in a sunny location, whereas A.triloba tended to be present in the forest understory beneath water oak, pecan, and beech, growing alongside creeks/streams. A.parviflora was bushy/shrubby, rarely more than 8 ft tall.

I made one selection from a plant on the farm, which I named ‘Trash Pile’(for its proximity to the farm dumpsite for discarded equipment, lumber, etc… it was exceptionally productive, with little thumb-size fruits festooned all along the branches, usually as singles, but occasionally as doubles… never ‘hands’, like A.triloba.
I grafted ‘Trash Pile’ onto A.triloba understock and had it growing and fruiting here for a number of years - I presume it was self-fruitful, as there were no other parvifloras, and no trilobas within probably a quarter mile. It survived fine here in what was then considered zone 6, now zone 7 - and I sent scions north to my late friend Gordon Nofs at Flint MI who grafted and grew it for a number of years(for all I know, it could still be alive in what’s left of Gordon’s orchard). The Easter Big Freeze Disaster of 2007 killed my graft (along with all manner of other grafted specimens, including all my D.kaki, all Carpathian walnuts, and most seedling Japanese walnuts/heartnuts). I had a bag of seed, saved from the 2006 fruit crop that I misplaced in the fridge for almost 3 years, but got decent germination when I found and planted them. I have at least one ‘Trash Pile’ seedling planted at the top of the creekbank in my CRP bufferstrip hickory planting - but I’ve not looked for it any time recently. Also sent a seedling to Guy Sternberg to plant out at Starhill Forest Arboretum in Illinois.

I have two putative Asimina hybrids: A.trilobaXobovata and A.trilobaXincana, grown from seed that Jerry Lehman sent to me. Jerry hand-pollenated the triloba flowers, then taped them shut to exclude potential pollenators. I have one each of the two hybrids, and had a second of one of the crosses, which I gave to our County Extension Horticulturist when his Master Gardeners were landscaping a city park; I’ve not been out to examine it… if it has survived the rigors of living a city park in a redneck/ghetto town.

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