This is my first year growing pear trees and I am curious about hybrid Asian and European pears, specifically what peoples favorites are from both the soft when ripe and crisp when ripe categories (and I’m sure there is overlap between ones that might be crisp when ripe but can be allowed to soften). I put together this very rough list of hybrids I could find here on the forum. I’m completely new to the world of pears so I could have made some mistakes here and I’m sure I missed some cultivars. Let me know what are your favorites of each type and why. I’m very curious to know.
Soft when ripe:
Acres Home
Ayers
Baldy Hill (Thanks @JohannsGarden)
Golden Boy
Le Conte
Southern King
Sunrise
Crisp when ripe:
Early Gold
Garber
Improved Kieffer
Keiffer
Leona
Maxie
Ooharabeni
Orient
Pineapple Spalding - I’ve seen this listed as both soft and crisp when ripe.
Tennosui
Turnbull
I grow sunrise its a nice little pear. It all started with kieffer sand pear x pyrus communis and it took off from there. All southern pears are hybrids. Most fireblight resistance comes from hybrids.
" Kieffer or Le Conte pears are European pearls grown in the United States since the 1800s. These pears are renowned for their unique texture and flavor, making them popular among fruit lovers.
Despite their popularity, many people still have questions about Kieffer Pears. What makes them different from other pears? How can you tell when they are ripe? In this guide, we will answer these questions and more as we dive into everything you need to know about Kieffer Pears. From their history to their health benefits, we’ve got you covered. So, let’s get started on this juicy journey!
What is Kieffer Pears?
Kieffer Pears is a type of pear that is believed to have originated in China and was later brought to Europe by the Romans. These pears were then introduced to the United States in the 1800s by Peter Kieffer, a horticulturist from Philadelphia.
They are characterized by their large size, bell-like shape, and rough skin. Unlike other pears, Kieffer Pears have a coarse and grainy texture, which becomes soft and juicy when ripe. They are also known for their unique flavor, with a mix of sweetness and tartness that makes them stand out from other pear varieties.
The history of Kieffer Pears dates back to ancient China, where it is believed that they were first cultivated. The Romans then brought these pears to Europe, where they became a popular fruit among the elite. However, it was in the 1800s when Peter Kieffer introduced them to the United States.
Kieffer Pears quickly gained popularity in America due to their hardiness and resistance to disease. They were also easy to grow, making them a preferred choice among farmers. As they became more widely available, Kieffer Pears found their way into American cuisine, becoming a staple fruit in many households. Interestingly, Kieffer Pears are unrelated to other pear varieties such as Bartlett or Bosc. They hybrid European and Asian pears, resulting in their distinct appearance and flavor.
Today, Kieffer Pears are still widely grown in the United States, particularly in southern states such as Georgia, Texas, and North Carolina. They can also be found in some parts of Europe and Asia.
Characteristics of Kieffer Pears
This section will discuss some of the key traits and features that make Kieffer pears so special.
Appearance
Kieffer pears have a distinctive appearance that differentiates them from other pear varieties. They are medium to large, with a round and slightly squat shape. The fruit’s skin is yellow-green, often with small brown spots or patches. Kieffer pears also have a slightly rough texture and can sometimes have a slight russeting, a natural roughness on the skin caused by small cracks.
Taste
One of the most defining characteristics of Kieffer pears is their unique taste. These pears are known for their sweet and tangy flavor, with hints of citrus and spice. They have a crisp texture when ripe, making them perfect for eating fresh or cooking in various dishes. Due to their high pectin content, Kieffer pears are also great for making jams, jellies, and other preserves.
Resilience
One of the most remarkable characteristics of Kieffer pears is their resilience. These pears are known for being able to withstand harsh weather conditions, diseases, and pests that often affect other pear varieties. This makes them an attractive choice for farmers looking for a hardy fruit that can thrive in various environments.
Versatility
Kieffer pears are not only delicious, but they are also incredibly versatile. They can be used in various sweet and savory dishes, from salads and soups to baked goods and cocktails. Their unique flavor profile adds depth and complexity to any dish, making them a favorite among chefs and home cooks. Additionally, Kieffer pears can be stored for an extended period, making them a convenient fruit throughout the year.
Culinary Uses
Kieffer pears are often used in cooking and baking due to their firm texture and tangy flavor. They can be poached, grilled, or roasted and added to salads, sauces, and desserts. Their high pectin content makes them popular for making jams, jellies, and chutneys. Kieffer pears are also commonly used in cocktails such as pear martinis or added to sangrias for a fruity twist.
Sustainability
One of the lesser-known benefits of Kieffer pears is their sustainability. These pears are naturally resistant to many diseases and pests, reducing the need for pesticides and chemicals in the growing process. They also have a longer shelf life, reducing food waste. Kieffer pear trees are also hardy and can thrive in various climates, making them a sustainable option for farmers and orchard owners.
How to Identify Kieffer Pears?
Their large size and bell-like shape can easily identify Kieffer Pears. They have greenish-yellow skin with patches of brown or russet, which gives them a rough texture. When ripe, their skin turns completely yellow, and the flesh becomes soft.
Another way to identify Kieffer Pears is by their unique flavor. They have a distinct sweetness balanced by tartness, making them perfect for various culinary purposes.
When are Kieffer Pears Ripe?
Depending on the climate, Kieffer Pears typically ripen in the late summer or early fall. The best way to tell if a Kieffer Pear is ripe is by gently pressing on the fruit’s stem end. If it gives slightly, then it is ready to be eaten.
Another sign of ripeness is the yellow color of the skin. Ripe Kieffer Pears will have bright yellow skin with no patches of green left. It’s important to note that Kieffer Pears do not ripen on the tree, so they must be picked when mature but firm.
Seasonality and Availability Throughout the year of Kieffer Pears
Kieffer pears are harvested in late August through September, making them a fall fruit. This means they are at their peak freshness and flavor during this time. However, they can still be enjoyed throughout the year as they are harvested early and stored properly.
Kieffer pears grown in cooler climates may have slightly different harvesting times, with some available from September to October or even November.
It’s important to note that while Kieffer pears may be available all year round, their peak season is still in the fall. This is when they are freshest and most flavorful, making it the best time to enjoy them.
Availability
Kieffer pears are widely available throughout the United States, as they are grown in several states, including Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina, and Texas. They can also be found in grocery stores and farmers’ markets nationwide.
Their availability throughout the year makes them a convenient and versatile fruit in your kitchen. They can be enjoyed as a healthy snack, added to salads or baked goods, or even used in savory dishes.
Growing Conditions for Kieffer Pears
Kieffer pears are a popular variety of European pearls known for their sweet and juicy taste, making them a favorite among gardeners and fruit enthusiasts. To ensure healthy growth and abundant harvests of these delicious fruits, it is important to understand the optimal growing conditions for Kieffer pears.
Climate Requirements
Like most fruit trees, Kieffer pears thrive in temperate climates with cool winters and summers. They are hardy to USDA zones 4-9, which means they can tolerate temperatures as low as -30°F (-34°C) in winter and up to 90°F (32°C) in summer. However, they perform best in areas with a long growing season that provides enough heat for fruit ripening.
If you live in a colder climate, choose a cold-hardy rootstock when planting your Kieffer pear tree. This will ensure that the tree can withstand harsh winter temperatures and continue to produce fruits year after year.
Sun Exposure
Kieffer pears require full sun exposure to thrive and produce abundant yields. This means at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. If your garden doesn’t receive enough sunlight, consider planting your Kieffer pear tree in a different location where it can receive more sun exposure.
Soil Requirements
Kieffer pears prefer well-drained, loamy soil that is rich in organic matter. The ideal pH range for these trees is between 6.0 and 7.0, which is slightly acidic to neutral. If your soil is too alkaline, you can amend it with organic matter or sulfur to lower the pH level.
It is important to avoid planting Kieffer pear trees in heavy clay soils as they do not drain well and can lead to root rot and other diseases.
Planting
Kieffer pear trees should be planted in late winter or early spring while still dormant. The ideal spacing between trees is 18-20 feet apart for adequate air circulation and sunlight exposure. Dig a hole twice as wide and deep as the tree’s root ball, and gently loosen the roots before planting in the hole. Fill the hole with soil and pack it down firmly.
Watering
Young Kieffer pear trees require regular watering, especially during dry spells. The amount of water will depend on weather conditions, but as a general rule, they need about 1 inch of water per week. Be careful not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for the health and productivity of Kieffer pear trees. It should be done in late winter or early spring while the tree is still dormant. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches, as well as any crossing branches that may rub against each other. Pruning also helps to maintain the tree’s desired shape and allows for better air circulation.
Pollination
Kieffer pears are self-fertile, meaning they can produce fruits independently without the need for another tree’s pollen. However, cross-pollination with another pear variety can increase fruit production and improve the quality of fruits.
If your garden has limited space, you can plant multiple Kieffer pear trees or other pear varieties nearby to ensure successful cross-pollination.
Harvesting
Depending on your location and climate, Kieffer pears are ready for harvest from late August to September. You can tell if a pear is ripe by gently pressing its stem end; if it gives in slightly, it is ready to be picked.
Harvesting Kieffer pears before they become too soft is important, as they do not ripen well on the tree and can quickly become overripe.
Once harvested, Kieffer pears can last for several weeks if stored properly in a cool and dark place. They can also be canned or used in various recipes, making them a versatile and delicious addition to your garden.
Additional Tips
Kieffer pears are relatively low-maintenance trees but still require regular watering during the first few years of growth to establish their root system. After that, deep watering once a week is sufficient.
Mulching around the tree’s base can help retain moisture and suppress weed growth.
Kieffer pears are self-fertile, but planting multiple trees can increase the yield and improve fruit quality.
When planting a Kieffer pear tree, choose a location with well-drained soil and full sun exposure.
Watch out for pests such as aphids, mites, and codling moths, which can damage the leaves and fruits of Kieffer pear trees. Applying organic pest control methods or using natural predators can help keep these pests at bay.
Regarding diseases, Kieffer pears are relatively resistant to common fruit tree diseases. However, properly pruning the tree and ensuring good air circulation around the branches can prevent fire blight and brown rot.
To maximize fruit production, it is recommended to thin out the fruits when they are about 1 inch in diameter. This allows for better air circulation and helps the remaining fruits grow larger.
Kieffer pears can also be used in baking, preserving, and juicing. Feel free to experiment with different recipes and methods for this versatile fruit.
Preparing for Planting Kieffer Pears
Kieffer pears are popular among gardeners who want to grow their fruit. They are easy to care for and produce delicious fruits that can be eaten fresh, preserved, or cooked in various dishes.
Choosing the Right Location
The first step in preparing to plant Kieffer pears is choosing the right location. These trees require full sun (at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily) and well-drained soil. They can tolerate a wide range of soil types, but avoiding areas with heavy clay or wet soil is important as they can cause root rot.
Choosing a location protected from strong winds is also recommended, as it can damage the tree and affect fruit production. Choosing a spot with good air circulation is also beneficial for preventing diseases and ensuring healthy growth.
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While all southern pears are hybrids I believe all hybrids are not southern pears. from what I’ve read Ayers for instance is not a southern pear because of its higher chill hours requirements.
I believe most of these are direct Asian/Euro crosses with the exception of Ayers (euro x hybrid cross), Sunrise (Euro x hybrid cross) and Early Gold (Asian x hybrid cross), although most of them are unknown crosses, so really who knows?
I added Keiffer to this list because I know it is a hybrid, but from most people have written here it seems to be poor for fresh eating and is mostly used for canning and/or processing, while improved Keiffer seems to just be improved for cold tolerance. I’m not really interested in Keiffer personally
I’ve read that while sunrise is good, it isn’t as fireblight resistant as some of the other hybrids, but that was just anecdotal.
I’ve been leaning towards Acres Home and Southern King as potentially top tier soft when ripe based on my initial research online, but hoping to get some experienced advice from the group.
This is what I found from googling what crosses became which hybrids. This is just from googling so there could be mistakes here. take it with a grain of salt:
Southern King –Tennessee pear (euro wild cross) x Housi (Asian)
Acres Home – unknown euro pear and unknow Asian Sand pear
Ayers – Anjou (euro) x Garber (Hybrid)
Golden Boy - unknown euro pear and unknow Asian Sand pear. Possibly seedling of Leconte
Leconte - unknown euro pear and unknow Asian Sand pear
Sunrise - US 446 (euro) x NJ5001710820 (hybrid)
Early Gold – Ure Pear (hybrid) x Golden Spice pear (p. ussuriensis Asian)
Garber - unknown euro pear and unknow Asian Sand pear
Kieffer - unknown euro pear and unknow Asian Sand pear
Maxie – Red Bartlett (euro) x 20th Century (Asian)
Ooharabeni – Max Red Bartlett (euro) x Okasankichi (Asian)
Orient - unknown euro pear and unknow Asian Sand pear
Spalding - unknown euro pear and unknow Asian Sand pear. One parent possibly pineapple
Tennousi - Tennessee pear (euro wild cross) x Housi (Asian)
Turnbull - unknown euro pear and unknow Asian Sand pear
I’d completely disagree with that ‘Gardener’s’ article, Clark. Facts are at odds with it and it seems poorly researched.
Peter Kieffer grew both ornamental/fragrant sand pears and ‘Bartlett’. He documented the original ‘Keiffer’ as a distinct seedling in his sand pear seedlings. Saved it, worthy of introduction , history is made!
Nothing about bringing it in from China.
China did and does have some ancient hybrids of euro and asian pears, mostly the duckbill pears like ‘YaLi’. The group has a species rank of pyrus bretschneideri. Modern DNA study has proven the ancient link.
I suspect that ‘Gardener’s’ article was written by a bot or a non-hort writer with AI help.
I sent an email to that website pointing out errors and telling them to talk to actual pyrus researchers for accurate info.
Don’t take this in the wrong spirit, Clark. You know far more about pears than me!
You just put a scary thought in my head. At first people seemed to say AI writing would be based on pulling data from what real people had written, but as AI proliferates, there will be more and more misleading AI articles that new AI will then reference and at some point the level of trustworthiness of anything and everything online (and eventually even in print) will become exponentially lower.
They are the first I’ve heard that. There are plenty of others on here in the south growing Ayers with no problem. Finished picking my Ayers pears today Here is Alabama and South Carolina, but there are plenty more. I grew up in the south. Ayers is one of the only sweet soft pears that does well in the south east. Read the about Ayers pear here. Ayers Pear Tree - Stark Bro’s
I have Ayers behind my house. It took heavy damage from fireblight this year. The top 7 feet of the tree is entirely dead. Fireblight stopped expanding a couple of months ago. Growth lower on the tree is now taking over. Note, it it does this again, I will cut it off and graft something better on it. I received scionwood in a trade so there is at least some chance what I have is not Ayers. There is also a good chance it is Ayers but fireblight is hitting it worse here.
I’m up to 78 varieties of pears grafted with all on individual trees. Next year I expect to pass 100 varieties. So far, winners have been Warren, Kieffer, and Spalding with fruit sampled and enjoyed. I have half a dozen more varieties with fruit that is not yet ripe. Next year should have about 30 varieties producing fruit.
The link that you posted is to a grower in St. Clair county, Alabama, which according to the map at this website, gets approximately 1,200 chilling hours. I’ve seen some other maps that suggest it could be as low as 800. The other grower in that thread is in Columbia SC which is in Richland county and gets between 886-1063 chill hours according to figure 7 in this doc
I don’t trust a lot of the information provided on nursery websites that don’t grow the trees themselves. They seem to just copy and paste stuff from random places on the internet and add a bit of flourishing to make people think that some fruit trees are more than they are.
People on this forum growing it have said that Ayers needs about 600 chill hours and I’m inclined to agree with them, which is significantly more than the 300 to 400 in your estimate. Are you growing Ayers and getting it to fruit with less than 400 chill hours? Did you read that somewhere and if so can you share the link?
EDIT: I should add, I have an Ayers Pear tree I got as a custom graft on Provence quince from @39thparallel this spring. Only on it’s first leaf, but there is nothing stark bros can tell me I didn’t already research myself. I’m in Maryland zone 7b/8a and get ~1400-1800 chill hours. I found this app helpful for finding that number, but I don’t know how accurate it is.
What are your thoughts on Spalding? Is it a soft when ripe pear? I’ve seen conflicting information there. How is the fire blight resistance? Is it good for fresh eating or more of a canning/cooking pear?
Spalding is a pretty good summer pear meaning it ripens on the tree. It is large, yellow when ripe, very juicy, somewhat soft, with mild tart flavor. The tree is moderately tolerant to fireblight with some limbs dead this year but the overall tree is in good condition. It made about a dozen pears of which I’ve picked 4 so far. Best flavor for me is to pick them when they have turned about half yellow and let them finish ripening on the counter for 2 or 3 days. If let ripen full yellow on the tree, they tend to get soft and can break down rapidly.
What I see positive in this tree is that fruit ripen the last week of July through the 3rd week of August in my climate. This is earlier than most of the other pear varieties I have. It is a dessert quality pear at a time when few dessert quality pears are ripe enough to pick. On a scale 1 to 10, I would rate it overall a 7 mostly because it takes some damage from fireblight.
Fireblight - 6 on a scale of 10 where Warren is 9
Juiciness - 9 on a scale of 10 where Warren is 9
tartness - 7 on a scale of 10 (must be picked just before fully ripe) where Kalle is 8
Vigor - 10 on a scale of 10, this tree tries to reach the sky
Sweetness - 7.5 on a scale of 10, it is not too sweet, but sweeter than many other pears.
The links you provided were people with more than enough chill also. Almost all nurseries have it listed somewhere between 300 and 600. They can’t all be wrong. To be honest I’m not sure why we are debating it as neither of us lives in a low chill area. I’m in Va. and I have several Ayers. For me it’s a super reliable variety.
To clear up the confusion. I said it’s a classic southern pear which it is. As you noted though it looks like hardly any southern areas are low chill.
