USDA NCRS Soil Survey Data

Many of you are already familiar with this resource. All of the counties in the USA have been mapped for soil types. A basic map is done by aerial stereoscopic images. Commercially viable agricultural land is done in detail by boots on the ground.

My farm was done in 1997. I was home when the soil scientist showed up. He walked a grid pattern sampling my soil and identifying the soil types and mapping it. Attached is the map and the key to the soil types of my farm in Virginia.

What’s the use of it? I can get my fertilizer recommendations adjusted to my soil type by indicating the soil series when I submit soil samples. As you can see the soil types vary greatly across a field. On Virginia’s test report form, you put in the percentage of the major soil types in your sample.

You will note in the large field the white wispy areas. That’s almost pure sand showing in the 80 acre field that was recently disked when that photo was taken. I am thankful it’s not the whole field as crops are stunted from no moisture holding capacity in those spots.

Use this link to access the soil survey. You just type in your address and go from there.


6 Likes

Very nice! Here’s what it says for the unit that my yard is within here in Seattle:

1 Like

I’ll have to try from my computer later … The site doesn’t work on my android phone.

I’m curious how large an area is summarizes for me.

1 Like

I checked the “desktop site” box and was able to get it to work ok on Android, though it’s definitely not ideal:
Screenshot_20231102-185353

2 Likes

I used to work for NRCS doing the vegetation part for mapping wild areas in Alaska (which had not been mapped before) and have high regard for NRCS mapping and data (though a lot of the data are of such high precision and technical specialty that they’re difficult even for me, a professional geographer/ecologist, to decipher). The most convenient thing might be to contact your local NRCS, USDA, or maybe cooperative extension office and see if they have any printed copies left (= free), then you can make notations, etc. of the data, carry it around in your car, etc. Or a pdf version. The hardest thing is to use the GIS data & tables, the second hardest is web soil survey!

Years, now decades ago, when soil surveys were printed and free it also used to be the best (or only) way to get aerial photos of your entire county as the surveys always had soil unit maps drafted over the black & white aerials!

My county, Luce, in Michigan, only had one survey printed, in 1929! Because there’s little agriculture & population it never had much of a priority.

But these old soil surveys are of interest to the history freaks among us - they had great hand-drafted maps that show features - like farms, homesteads, orchards, etc. that have vanished decades ago & haven’t been put on soil maps in many decades. Most if not all of these old surveys are available as pdfs from NRCS (and elsewhere), but if you like old books and colorful old maps you may try looking for originals.

One more related source, which isn’t available for all areas, are surveys done in the 20s & 30s during the ‘land economics’ era, which was an attempt to use high-quality surveying & mapping to create comprehensive land data to better manage natural & land/economic resources (like farming practices & reforestation) after the disasters that followed the mismanaged deforestation and the huge and deadly slash fires that caused so much death & damage over huge areas in the wake (dwarfing in area and numbers of the dead of even the mega-fires of recent years and having profound influence on our modern landscape & vegetation 125 or more years later).

I know that Michigan had the MI Land-Economic Survey, Minnesota had the Minnesota LES, Wisconsin had the Wisconsin Land Economic Inventory (aka the Bordner Survey), and others I don’t know much about.

Wisconsin has scanned most of the vast data from that (another), Minnesota I believe a lot (example), and Michigan [almost none] (but here’s a map from my county)(Welcome to Antrim County, MI).

These were extensive multi-resource surveys of all sorts of land-use activities & resources including forests, soils, geology, farming, homesteads, etc. made by teams of CCC-type surveyors who would walk an intensive grid mapping features (with high skill & precision), interview farmers, etc. (the methodology varied by state as these were state funded not federal).

The maps are amazing, beautiful, and show things that while long gone in many instances from the landscape can still be seen in old apple trees, foundations, lilacs, old railroad grades, etc. - all this stuff being useful for seeking out old fruit trees…

4 Likes

Works best on computer but I tried this link. It worked somewhat.

4 Likes

It’s always the little print.

I’ll give it a go… Thanks.

1 Like

That smartphone app didn’t like my address so I just zoomed in from USA map down to my state, county and my farm.

1 Like

I got it to work. I had to open in separately in a browser instead of where the forum app took me.

It matches up pretty well with my own observation when I pulled my soil sample, though the depth to the second unit was different.

The depth to water table isn’t though… But I’m just a dot on a larger area so…

1 Like

I have one farmer friend who rented a unit you pull behind a tractor to map soil type. You then take that data and plug into fertilizer sower or planter and vary the rate of fertilizer or seed based soil productivity.

He was not a happy camper when the electronics failed on the planter and many acres of corn were under planted so he had to replant those areas.

1 Like