Hormones certainly play a part in fruiting.
" Evaluation of individual roles of plant hormones in fruit development is difficult because various plant hormones function simultaneously. In this study, to analyze the effect of plant hormones on fruit maturation one by one, plant hormones were applied to auxin-induced parthenocarpic woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca ) fruits. As a result, auxin, gibberellin (GA), and jasmonate, but, not abscisic acid and ethylene increased the proportion of ultimately mature fruits. So far, to produce comparable fruit with pollinated fruit in size, auxin with GA treatment was required in woodland strawberry. Picrolam (Pic), the most potent auxin in inducing parthenocarpic fruit, induced fruit which is comparable in size with pollinated fruit without GA. The endogenous GA level and the result of the RNA interference analysis of the main GA biosynthetic gene suggest that a basal level of endogenous GA is essential for fruit development. The effect of other plant hormones was also discussed."
" Metabolic Profiling of Developing Pear Fruits Reveals Dynamic Variation in Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Including Plant Hormones
Akira Oikawa, Takao Otsuka, Ryo Nakabayashi, Yusuke Jikumaru, Kanji Isuzugawa, Hideki Murayama, Kazuki Saito, Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Abstract
Metabolites in the fruits of edible plants include sweet sugars, visually appealing pigments, various products with human nutritional value, and biologically active plant hormones. Although quantities of these metabolites vary during fruit development and ripening because of cell division and enlargement, there are few reports describing the actual dynamics of these changes. Therefore, we applied multiple metabolomic techniques to identify the changes in metabolite levels during the development and ripening of pear fruits (Pyrus communis L. ‘La France’). We quantified and classified over 250 metabolites into six groups depending on their specific patterns of variation during development and ripening. Approximately half the total number of metabolites, including histidine and malate, accumulated transiently around the blooming period, during which cells are actively dividing, and then decreased either rapidly or slowly. Furthermore, the amounts of sulfur-containing amino acids also increased in pear fruits around 3–4 months after the blooming period, when fruit cells are enlarging, but virtually disappeared from ripened fruits. Some metabolites, including the plant hormone abscisic acid, accumulated particularly in the receptacle prior to blooming and/or fruit ripening. Our results show several patterns of variation in metabolite levels in developing and ripening pear fruits, and provide fundamental metabolomic data that is useful for understanding pear fruit physiology and enhancing the nutritional traits of new cultivars.
Citation: Oikawa A, Otsuka T, Nakabayashi R, Jikumaru Y, Isuzugawa K, Murayama H, et al. (2015) Metabolic Profiling of Developing Pear Fruits Reveals Dynamic Variation in Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Including Plant Hormones. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0131408. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131408
Editor: Sonia Osorio-Algar, University of Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, SPAIN
Received: January 2, 2015; Accepted: June 2, 2015; Published: July 13, 2015
Copyright: © 2015 Oikawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited"
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