Minor differences Grafting and callusing explained in every detail - tbud pear example
@jujubemulberry showed a saddle here done with an omega grafting tool on this thread Two-in-one graft
There are many more grafting examples in this thread Grafting large Callery and Betulifolia pear rootstocks
This is what a large cleft i did last year looked like after a few months
Here is another standard cleft.
This thread demonstrates whip and tongue i did as reference Whip and Tongue techniques
As eyesight decreases as we get older cleft or rind become more standard grafts. The days we don’t see well these grafts still work fine.